Puppy or adult dog

There is obviously a minimum age for removing a puppy from its mother and its first environment, though these are not necessarily one and the same. As a rule, pups are entirely  dependent on their  mother's milk for the first two to three  weeks, and  partially  for another  similar  period. If mother  and pups are healthy, a breeder  would consider allowing the pups to leave their first home at the age of six weeks, but the vast majority of breeders prefer eight weeks as the ideal time for the litter to be dispersed .Some pups are deliberately  retained  for longer  than  this, usually because a breeder  of show stock  needs more time  to determine the  true  potential  of individual  pups.

The most important factor influencing  the decision about dispersal  time is the  so-called  socialization   period.  Animal behaviorists consider that  the period between six weeks and three months is the ideal time for a puppy to learn to adapt to a rapidly changing world. Leaving home and entering a totally new environment is as bewildering  to a young canine as going to school or play¬ group  is to a child.  It has been  established  that  puppies  raised  in  relative isolation, with their mother  as the center of their lives, and only the breeder representing the human race, are much better able to accept new human contact if it occurs in that vital six- to thirteen-week period. Beyond that, puppies may revert almost to the  wild if they are  denied  the socialization  period  at  the effective time.

Acquiring a puppy at the age of about eight weeks means that it will have the best opportunity to adapt  to the peculiarities  of its new environment, which include humans and other animals in the household, as well as the house rules which will determine its future  life. It also means that the new owner will be responsible  for much  of the rearing  process, the character  building  and  the house  training,  all demanding certain  skills and  special  responsibilities. In addition,   the  owner  commits   himself  to  ensure   that  the  puppy   develops normally and remains healthy by dealing with such vital matters  as worming, and  protective  vaccinations.

On the other hand a dog can be acquired at a later age, as an older puppy or as an adult.  Some  breeders  'run on'  youngsters  until  their  show,  breeding, or training  potential can be assessed. A potential  purchaser of such a dog should satisfy  him  or herself as to the  true  reasons  why older  pups  are eventually offered for sale. It is entirely possible that what is a defect as far as the breeder is concerned  may not be a drawback  to the pet owner, but the factor should  be considered  dispassionately before a decision is made.

Acquiring an adult dog often turns out to be a success, but again the reasons for its availability should  be thoroughly explored. One disadvantage may be that the adult dog usually has its character firmly formed, and bad habits will be more difficult to eradicate  than to avoid. On the other hand, many people deliberately obtain adult dogs, taking advantage of the fact that  the puppy  problems  have been dealt  with by somebody  else.